MSW Programs
Schools with MSW Programs
Social Work Licensure
Social Worker Careers with an MSW Degree
Social Work Licensure
This guide breaks down every social work credential you’ll encounter, from your first degree to advanced certifications. We’ll explain what each one means, how to get it, and most importantly, how it affects your career options and salary.
Types of Social Work Credentials
Social work credentials fall into three main categories: educational degrees, professional licenses, and specialty certifications. Think of them as building blocks that stack on top of each other throughout your career.
Educational credentials are your college degrees. These start with a bachelor’s degree and can go all the way to a doctorate. Your degree determines what kind of license you can get and what jobs you qualify for.
Professional licenses are what legally allow you to practice social work. Each state has its own licensing board that sets the rules. Without a license, you can’t call yourself a social worker in most states, even if you have the degree.
Specialty certifications demonstrate that you have received additional training in specific areas. These aren’t required, but they can help you stand out when applying for specialized positions or negotiating salary.
Educational Credentials: BSW, MSW, DSW/PhD
Bachelor of Social Work (BSW)
The BSW is your entry point into the profession of social work. It’s a four-year degree that teaches you the fundamentals of social work practice, including how to work with individuals, families, and communities.
What makes a BSW special is that it must come from a program accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE). This accreditation matters because it’s required for licensing in most states. You’ll complete at least 400 hours of supervised field work, giving you real experience before graduation.
Here’s a significant advantage of earning your BSW: if you decide to pursue your master’s degree later, you can often complete it in just one year through an advanced standing MSW program. That saves you both time and money compared to starting fresh.
Master of Social Work (MSW)
The MSW is considered the standard degree for social work practice. It opens doors to clinical work, supervision roles, and higher-paying positions. Most MSW programs require two years of study and involve at least 900 hours of field experience.
During your MSW, you’ll choose a specialization. Popular options include clinical practice for those wanting to provide therapy, or macro practice for those interested in policy and community organizing.
Don’t have a BSW? No problem. Many schools offer MSW programs for people without a BSW. These programs include foundation courses that BSW graduates have already completed, so they typically take the full two years to complete.
Doctoral Degrees: DSW and PhD
If you’re aiming for the top of the field, you might consider a doctoral degree. There are two types, and they serve different purposes.
The DSW (Doctor of Social Work) focuses on advanced clinical practice and leadership. It’s perfect if you want to run a large agency, teach while maintaining a practice, or become a top-tier clinician.
The PhD in Social Work is a research-focused program. Choose this path if you want to become a professor, conduct research, or work in policy analysis. PhD programs usually take 4-7 years, while DSW programs typically take 3-5 years.
| Degree | Time to Complete | Field Hours Required | Career Options |
|---|---|---|---|
| BSW | 4 years | 400+ hours | Case management, community outreach, youth programs |
| MSW (Standard) | 2 years | 900+ hours | Clinical practice, supervision, program management |
| MSW (Advanced Standing) | 1 year | 500+ hours | Same as standard MSW |
| DSW | 3-5 years | Varies by program | Executive leadership, advanced clinical practice |
| PhD | 4-7 years | Research-focused | University teaching, research, policy analysis |
Professional Licenses: LBSW, LMSW, LCSW, LICSW
Getting your degree is just the first step. To actually practice social work, you need a license. The licensing system operates like a ladder, with each level granting you increased independence and responsibility.
Licensed Baccalaureate Social Worker (LBSW)
The LBSW is the entry-level license for BSW graduates. Not all states offer this license, but certain states, including Louisiana, Michigan, and South Carolina, do. With an LBSW, you can practice social work, but you’ll need supervision from someone with a higher license.
This license is perfect for getting your foot in the door. You can work in case management, advocacy, and support services while gaining experience for your next credential.
Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW)
The LMSW is the starting point for MSW graduates. To get it, you need your MSW from a CSWE-accredited program and to pass the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) exam.
With an LMSW, you can do a lot of social work activities, but you can’t provide clinical services independently. You’ll work under supervision if you’re doing therapy or making diagnoses. Think of it as your training period for achieving complete independence.
Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW)
The LCSW is the gold standard of social work licenses. With this credential, you can do everything: diagnose mental health conditions, provide therapy, open a private practice, and supervise other social workers.
Getting your LCSW takes commitment. After your MSW, you’ll need 2-3 years of supervised clinical experience (usually 3,000-4,000 hours) and pass another exam. But the payoff is worth it, both in terms of career flexibility and earning potential.
Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW)
Some states use the term LICSW instead of LCSW. Don’t let this confuse you – they’re essentially the same thing. Massachusetts, Minnesota, and Washington are examples of states that use LICSW.
The “independent” part emphasizes that you can practice without supervision. The requirements and privileges are virtually identical to those of the LCSW in other states.
| License | Education Needed | Experience Required | 2024 Median Salary |
|---|---|---|---|
| LBSW | BSW from CSWE program | Varies by state | $45,000-$52,000 |
| LMSW | MSW from CSWE program | None to 2 years | $55,000-$65,000 |
| LCSW/LICSW | MSW from CSWE program | 2-3 years supervised clinical | $65,000-$85,000 |
Specialty Certifications and Endorsements
Once you have obtained your license, you may want to consider specializing. That’s where certifications come in. These demonstrate that you possess advanced skills in specific areas of practice.
Clinical Specialty Certifications
The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) offers several specialty certifications. For example, if you work with clients struggling with addiction, you might pursue the Certified Clinical Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs Social Worker (C-CATODSW) credential.
Another respected certification is the Academy of Certified Social Workers (ACSW). While it’s not required anywhere, having ACSW after your name tells employers and clients that you’ve met high professional standards. You’ll need your MSW, supervised experience, professional references, and to pass a comprehensive exam.
Specialized Practice Endorsements
Some certifications focus on specific treatment methods. Take trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) certification. It demonstrates your training in an evidence-based approach that has been proven to help trauma survivors. Insurance companies and employers appreciate these types of certifications.
If you want to work in schools, you’ll likely need school social work certification. This goes beyond your regular license and includes training in educational law, special education, and working with teachers and parents. Each state’s education department sets its own requirements.
State-by-State Requirements
Here’s something that surprises many people: social work licenses don’t automatically transfer between states. Each state has its own rules, which can vary significantly.
Take California, for example. They require 3,200 hours of supervised experience for clinical licensure, which must be divided among specific categories, including individual therapy, group therapy, and client advocacy. You’ll also need extra training in suicide assessment and human sexuality.
Texas uses slightly different terminology than most states. They have the LMSW and LCSW, but you also need to pass a jurisprudence exam on Texas laws, in addition to the national exam.
New York has its own quirks, too. They use LMSW and LCSW, but add an “R” designation for psychotherapy privileges. The supervision requirements are complex, with specific rules about who can supervise you and how to document your hours.
Good news on the horizon: States are working on an Interstate Compact for social work licensure. Once it’s in place, moving between participating states will be much easier. Until then, research your destination state’s requirements well in advance of any move.
Credential Timeline and Costs
Let’s discuss the time and financial commitment required to become a social worker. Understanding these investments upfront helps you plan realistically.
How Long Does It Take?
Your BSW takes four years of full-time study, though some schools offer accelerated programs. If you work part-time while attending school, expect it to take longer.
The MSW typically takes two years for students without a BSW, or one year if you have a BSW and qualify for advanced standing. Many people complete their MSW part-time over three to four years while working.
After graduation, getting your LMSW usually takes 2-6 months, depending on when you can schedule your exam. The LCSW requires an additional 2-3 years of supervised experience, so you’re looking at 4-5 years total after your MSW before you can practice independently.
What Does It Cost?
A BSW can cost anywhere from $40,000 to $120,000, depending on whether you attend a public or private school. In-state public universities offer the best value for students.
MSW programs range from $30,000 to $80,000. However, many employers offer tuition assistance, and graduate assistantships can significantly reduce costs.
Don’t forget about licensing costs. Application fees range from $100 to $400, ASWB exams cost $230 to $260, and if you require supervision for your LCSW, expect to pay $75 to $200 per hour. Continuing education to maintain your license typically costs between $500 and $1,500 per year.
| Phase | Timeline | Cost Range | Key Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| BSW Degree | 4 years | $40,000-$120,000 | Includes field placement |
| MSW Degree | 1-2 years | $30,000-$80,000 | Advanced standing saves time and money |
| LMSW License | 2-6 months after MSW | $500-$1,000 | Includes exam and application fees |
| LCSW License | 2-3 years after LMSW | $10,000-$20,000 | Mainly supervision costs |
Career Impact and Salary Differences
Your credentials have a direct impact on your earning potential and career options. Let’s look at what you can expect at each level, based on 2024 data.
BSW-level social workers typically earn between $45,000 and $52,000 per year. You’ll find work in case management, community outreach, and support services. While these are important roles, career advancement typically requires pursuing your MSW.
With an MSW and LMSW, salaries jump to $55,000-$65,000 for non-clinical roles. You can work in program management, supervision, and specialized services. The career options with an MSW are much broader than with just a BSW.
The LCSW is where you see the most significant salary boost. Median salaries range from $65,000 to $85,000 nationally, but experienced LCSWs in private practice or specialized settings can earn well over $100,000.
Location makes a huge difference. California, New York, and Connecticut consistently offer the highest salaries. In major cities like San Francisco or New York City, experienced LCSWs can earn $90,000-$120,000 or more.
But it’s not just about the money. Each credential opens different doors. With a BSW, you’re primarily in direct service roles. An MSW enables you to transition into management and specialized practice. The LCSW offers you complete independence, allowing you to open a private practice, supervise others, or take on executive roles.
Choosing Your Credential Pathway
With so many options, how do you choose the right path? Start by thinking about where you want to end up, then work backwards.
What’s Your Career Goal?
If you dream of having your own therapy practice, you’ll need to go all the way to LCSW. There’s no shortcut here – you need the full credential to practice independently and bill insurance.
Interested in policy work or administration? An MSW might be enough, though a doctorate could give you an edge for executive positions. You may not need clinical licensure if you’re not providing direct therapy.
Want to work directly with clients but not necessarily as a therapist? A BSW might work initially, though you’ll likely hit a ceiling without an MSW. Many people start with a BSW, gain experience, then return for their MSW when they’re ready to advance.
Consider Your Resources
Be realistic about time and money. If you have a BSW, advanced standing MSW programs can save you a full year of tuition and time. Online programs offer flexibility, allowing you to work while studying.
Look into employer benefits. Many agencies offer tuition reimbursement or will cover the cost of your continuing education. Some even provide supervision for free if you’re working toward your LCSW. Working in underserved areas or nonprofits might qualify you for loan forgiveness programs.
Think About Location
Where you want to live and work matters. Research licensing requirements in your target state before you start your education. Some states are easier to obtain a license in than others.
If you might move between states, consider how portable your credentials will be. Until the Interstate Compact is implemented, transferring licenses can be a complicated and time-consuming process.
Rural areas often have faster licensing processes and loan forgiveness programs to attract social workers. Urban areas typically pay more but have stiffer competition for jobs.
Maintaining and Renewing Credentials
Getting your credentials is a significant achievement, but you can’t just frame them and forget about them. Social work licenses require ongoing maintenance.
Continuing Education
Most states require 20-40 hours of continuing education every two years. You’ll need courses in ethics, cultural competency, and typically some specific topics mandated by your state.
Online courses make this easier than ever. You can complete requirements from home, often at your own pace. However, in-person workshops and conferences offer valuable networking opportunities, as well as educational credits.
If you hold specialty certifications, you can expect additional continuing education requirements. These typically focus on staying current with evidence-based practices in your specialty area.
Renewal Process
License renewal typically occurs every two years, although some states have different renewal intervals. Mark your renewal date in multiple places – missing it can mean late fees, practice restrictions, or even disciplinary action.
Most states now offer online renewal, which streamlines the process. Just make sure you keep all your continuing education certificates organized. Some states randomly audit licensees, and you’ll need to prove you completed your requirements.
Growing Your Career
Think beyond just maintaining your license. Strategic professional development can accelerate your career. Join professional associations for access to training, conferences, and job opportunities.
If you have your LCSW, consider becoming a supervisor. You’ll need additional training, but supervising others can provide extra income and keep you connected to emerging professionals in the field.
Frequently Asked Questions
What credentials do social workers need to practice independently?
You need an LCSW or LICSW to practice independently. This requires an MSW from a CSWE-accredited program, 2-3 years of supervised clinical experience (usually 3,000-4,000 hours), and passing the ASWB Clinical exam. Each state has slightly different requirements, so check with your state board for specific details.
What’s the difference between LMSW and LCSW credentials?
The LMSW enables you to practice social work at the master’s level, but it requires supervision for clinical work. You can’t diagnose independently or bill insurance directly. The LCSW offers you complete independence, allowing you to analyze, provide therapy, supervise others, and establish your own practice. It’s the difference between being an apprentice and being fully qualified.
How long does social work licensure take?
Obtaining your LMSW typically takes 2-6 months after graduating with your MSW, depending mostly on exam scheduling. The LCSW requires an additional 2-3 years of supervised experience after your LMSW. From MSW graduation to LCSW, you’re looking at approximately 3-4 years in total. Some states have slightly different timelines.
Which social work credential offers highest earning potential?
The LCSW consistently offers the highest earning potential, with 2024 median salaries ranging from $65,000 to $85,000 nationally. In major metropolitan areas or specialized practices, experienced LCSWs can earn $90,000-$120,000 or more. Private practice offers unlimited potential based on your caseload and specialty.
Do social work credentials transfer between states?
Not automatically. Most states have endorsement processes for licensed social workers from other states, but you’ll need to apply and provide documentation. Requirements vary – some states have reciprocity agreements, others don’t. The Interstate Compact being developed will eventually make this easier, but for now, plan ahead if you’re moving.
What’s the difference between DSW and PhD in social work?
The DSW focuses on advanced clinical practice and leadership. It’s great if you want to be an executive director or run a clinical program. The PhD is research-focused, preparing you for university teaching, conducting studies, or policy work. Choose based on whether you prefer practice (DSW) or research (PhD), not perceived prestige.
Are specialty certifications worth pursuing?
It depends on your goals and work setting. Specialty certifications can increase your marketability and sometimes your salary, especially in healthcare settings. They show expertise in specific areas like addiction or trauma. However, in private practice, your reputation and results might matter more than additional certifications.
Can I practice social work without a license?
It varies by state. Some states allow certain social work activities under supervision without a license, but you usually can’t use the title “social worker.” Most employers require at least active pursuit of licensure. Without a license, your job options and earning potential are severely limited.
How much do social work credentials cost in total?
All-in costs for becoming an LCSW range from $80,000 to $220,000. This includes BSW and MSW education ($70,000-$200,000), licensing fees ($500-$1,500), supervision for LCSW ($10,000-$20,000), and annual continuing education ($500-$1,500). However, scholarships, employer support, and loan forgiveness can significantly reduce what you actually pay.
What’s the fastest path to becoming a licensed clinical social worker?
The fastest route: Complete your BSW (4 years), enter an advanced standing MSW program (1 year), immediately get your LMSW, then complete your supervised hours as quickly as possible (minimum 2 years). That’s about 7 years total. Working full-time in a clinical setting and being strategic about supervision can help you move through quickly without sacrificing quality.
Understanding social work credentials might seem complex at first, but it’s really about building your qualifications step by step. Each credential you earn opens new doors and increases your ability to help others while advancing your career.
For more detailed information about specific degree programs and career paths, check out our comprehensive guides on social work degrees and career options . Whether you’re just starting out or looking to advance your current credentials, having a clear understanding of your options helps you make informed decisions about your professional future.
2024 US Bureau of Labor Statistics salary and employment data for Healthcare Social Workers, Child, Family, and School Social Workers, Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers, and Social Workers, All other reflect national data, not school-specific information. Conditions in your area may vary. Data accessed August 2025.
